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米店歌詞范文第1篇

關(guān)鍵詞：電網(wǎng)安全；高壓輸電線路；地磁感應(yīng)電流；NASA

【分類號(hào)】TM76

Not all threats to the electric grid originate here on Earth. To better understand large solar events， which can be dangerous to the transmission grid， a researcher at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center is using high-voltage transmission lines to map large-scale geomagnetically-induced currents （GICs）.

并不是所有對(duì)電網(wǎng)的威脅都來源于地球，有時(shí)也會(huì)是太陽活動(dòng)所致。為了更好地了解大型太陽能活動(dòng)對(duì)電網(wǎng)構(gòu)成的威脅，美國航空航天局Goddard太空飛行中心的一名研究人員利用高壓輸電線路繪制大型地磁感應(yīng)電流（GICs）。

GICs occur when the sun ejects huge bubbles of charged particles that can carry up to 10 billion tons of matter. When the bubbles strike the Earth’s atmosphere， the geomagnetic field that surrounds our planet fluctuates.

當(dāng)太陽噴出巨大的帶電粒子泡沫時(shí)，可攜帶多達(dá)100億頓的物質(zhì)，這時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生地磁感應(yīng)電流。當(dāng)這些帶電粒子泡沫進(jìn)入地球大氣層時(shí)，周圍的地磁場會(huì)產(chǎn)生波動(dòng)。

These fluctuations in the electrical current can then flow through any large conductive structure such as power lines， oil and gas pipelines， undersea cables， and railways， according to NASA. When excess current flows through the electric transmission system， it can overload transformers and collapse the system， leading to large-scale outages. From 1960 to 2000， the high voltage grid in the United States has grown nearly tenfold， according Oak Ridge National Laboratory [PDF]， making it increasingly susceptible to GICs.

據(jù)美國航空航天局介紹，由于上述原因而產(chǎn)生的電流波動(dòng)可流經(jīng)任何大的導(dǎo)電結(jié)構(gòu)，如電源線，石油、天然氣管道，海底電纜和鐵路線。當(dāng)過電流流經(jīng)電力輸電系統(tǒng)時(shí)，變壓器過載，系統(tǒng)會(huì)崩潰，從而導(dǎo)致大面積停電。美國橡樹嶺國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室[ PDF]的統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，從1960年到2000年，美國的高壓電網(wǎng)拓展了近十倍，如此規(guī)模的大電網(wǎng)越容易受到地磁感應(yīng)電流的影響。

The concern that a large GIC could plunge part of the United States into a blackout is high on the list of issues faced by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission （FERC）， and is as much of a focus as physical or cyber security threats.

美國聯(lián)邦能源監(jiān)管委員會(huì)目前非常擔(dān)心大電網(wǎng)的安全問題。因?yàn)橐淮未蟮碾姶鸥袘?yīng)電流可使美國部分地區(qū)電力癱瘓。向網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全一樣，電網(wǎng)安全也越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。

Last year， FERC ordered the North American Reliability Corporation to propose reliability standards for the grid that address the impact of geomagnetic disturbances； owners of the bulk-power grid will have to conduct assessments of the potential impact of GICs on their systems moving forward.

去年，美國聯(lián)邦能源監(jiān)管委員會(huì)責(zé)令北美電力可靠性協(xié)會(huì)盡快出臺(tái)電網(wǎng)可靠性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，制定時(shí)要考慮到地磁干擾對(duì)電網(wǎng)安全的影響。各大電網(wǎng)公司必須就地磁感應(yīng)電流對(duì)電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的潛在影響進(jìn)行評(píng)估。

To better understand the effects of GICs， Antti Pulkkinen， a heliophysicst at Goddard， is installing three substations beneath high-voltage transmission lines to measure GICs.

為了測量并更好地了解地磁感應(yīng)電流，Goddard太空飛行中心的一名技師，Antti Pulkkinen，在高壓輸電線路下安裝了3個(gè)變電站。

“This is the first time we have used the U.S. high-voltage power transmission system as a science tool to map large-scale GICs，” Pulkkinen said in the NASA publication Cutting Edge [PDF]. “This application will allow unprecedented， game-changing data gathering over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.”

Pulkkinen在美國航空航天局的雜志Cutting Edge里提到，這是科學(xué)家們首次將美國高壓輸電系統(tǒng)作為科學(xué)工具來繪制大型地磁感應(yīng)電流。這項(xiàng)應(yīng)用能在廣闊的空間和時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)收集到前所未有的，改變游戲規(guī)則的數(shù)據(jù)。

Two of the three substations being built by Goddard engineers will be buried 1.2 meters below ground at a spot where Dominion Virginia Power’s high-voltage lines pass overhead. The lines will act as antennae for the electrical current. The substations will contain commercially available magnetometers that can make precise measurements of GICs. （The third substation will be located about three kilometers away to provide reference measurements.）

由Goddard工程師們?cè)诮ǖ娜齻€(gè)變電站中，兩個(gè)將位于Dominion弗吉尼亞電力公司的高壓線經(jīng)過的地下1.2米處。輸電線路可充當(dāng)電流的天線；變電站里裝有市場上出售的磁力儀，能精確測量地磁感應(yīng)電流。（第三個(gè)變電站位于三公里以外的地方，為測量提供參考數(shù)據(jù)。）

Pulkkinen’s team is using technology also developed at Goddard to command and control the magnetometers from an iPad. The application， which tags and geolocates data， will send it to a server once every second.

Pulkkinen的團(tuán)隊(duì)利用Goddard研發(fā)成功的技術(shù)從ipad上指揮和控制磁力儀。這項(xiàng)應(yīng)用能標(biāo)注和地理定位相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)并不斷發(fā)送到服務(wù)器。

The pilot project is expected to last one to two years， but Pulkkinen hopes to eventually deploy hundreds of substations with long-term funding from multiple government agencies. The current project is funded by NASA’s Center Innovation Fund and Goddard International Research and Development program.

該試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將持續(xù)一到兩年，但Pulkkinen希望最終能部署數(shù)百座變電站用于此項(xiàng)目的研究并得到多個(gè)政府機(jī)構(gòu)的長期資助。目前該項(xiàng)目由美國航空航天中心創(chuàng)新基金和Goddard國際研究與發(fā)展項(xiàng)目資助。

摘編自美國電氣電子工程師學(xué)會(huì)網(wǎng)站

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