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雨霖鈴翻譯

前言:想要寫出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章嗎?我們特意為您整理了5篇雨霖鈴翻譯范文,相信會為您的寫作帶來幫助,發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的寫作思路和靈感。

雨霖鈴翻譯

雨霖鈴翻譯范文第1篇

[KeyWords]Chinesepoetry;artisticconception;BellsRingingintheRain;solution

【摘要】漢詩英譯是否成功就在于能否成功的傳達意境。要成功的傳達意境是不容易的,許多好的漢語詩歌翻譯成英語后總是會失去原作的藝術(shù)魅力、本文首先指出:意境是通過形象化的情景交融的藝術(shù)描寫,能夠把讀者引入到一個想象的空間的藝術(shù)境界,意境傳達的困難在于中西方存在著諸多差異,不同的歷史文化,風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和思維定勢都使?jié)h語詩歌的意境傳達成為一個難題,本文以《雨霖鈴》的譯文為例,分析了這首詩歌意境傳達的困難,接著通過《雨霖鈴》的兩種譯文對比提出了意境傳達的三種有效方式:傳情達意,挖掘意象,激發(fā)聯(lián)想。最后作者提出,這只是三種有效的方式,而不是絕對的方式。

【關(guān)鍵詞】漢詩英譯;意境;《雨霖鈴》;方式

1.Introduction

"Poetryisasuperartoflanguage.”[1]Awell-knownstatementismadebyRobertFrost“Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation”.[2]PoetrytranslationisadifficulttaskanditisespeciallytrueintheChinesepoetrytranslation.“Indeed,poetrytranslationisacreativetask.”[3]BurtonRaffelsays,“Thetranslatedpoemshouldfirstbeanewpoem,agoodone,andshouldbethefavoroflife,insteadoflifelessacademicaccuracy.”[4]TheEnglishversionsofmanyoutstandingChineseclassicalpoemswhicharegentlybeautiful,vigorousanddeepusuallycannotpresenttheoriginaltasteandflavorofthepoetry.Manyfamoussayingsandbeautifullines,whichenjoygreatpopularityduringhundredsofyears,maketheChinesereadershaveadeepsympatheticchord.Butforeignreaderscannotunderstandthemactually,ortheymayevenfeelbewilderedandthemostimportantreasonisthatthetranslationofChinesepoetryislackoftheconveyanceofartisticconception.ThesuccessoftranslationofChinesepoemsdependsonwhetheritcanapproximatelytransmitartisticconceptionofChinesepoemsandleadthereadersintoaspaceofimagination.China’spoetaswellasliteraryandtheoreticiansmostlythinkthatthegreatestachievementofpoetrycreationliesinartisticconception.Itisthesoulofpoetry.Thenwhatonearthisartisticconceptionofpoetry?

1.1Thedefinitionofartisticconception

Artisticconceptionisakindofidealartisticstate,whichcanleadreadersintothesituationandemotionofapoem.Theblendofsituationandemotionisthebasiccomponentofartisticconception,whichisinvolvedintwoaspects,oneistheobjectiveofimagesinlife,theotheristheidealsubjectivecreationofthepoet,wecalltheformeroneas“jing”,andthelateroneas“yi”.Therefore,artisticconceptionistheunifiedentityofthetwoaspects.[5]

ArtisticconceptionisoneofthemostimportantaestheticconceptionsinancientChina,whichcanbetracedbacktoTangDynasty.InhisTheStyleofPoetrypoetWangChanglinfirstlyputforwardartisticconceptiontogetherwith“物境”“情境”(twoofthreelevelslikeartisticconceptionusedtodescriberespectivelytheobjectandthecircumstancesofapoem).[6]Althoughheproposedthethreelevelstogether,hedidn’tpointouttherelationship.Jiaoran,apoetandamonkaswell,oncepointedouttherelationsbetweenYi(image)andJing(situation).Hethoughtthatthefeelingsofareadertoapoemstartfromitssituation.[7]LiuYuxiwhocarriedonJiaoran’stheoryadvancedthatwecansayinTangDynasty,theAestheticSchool---theleadingschoolofpoetrywhichanalyzespoemwithartisticconception,wasformed.[8]AndinQingDynasty,WangGuoweigaveadeeperresearchontheconnotationandcreationofartisticconception.Ashesaysinhis“CommentsonciPoetry”,“Notonlycanliteraturemotivatethewriterhimself,butalsoitcantouchtheheartsofothers.”[9]MaoDunthenthoughttheconnotationoftheliteraturetranslationisthetransmissionoftheidealcondition.Hesaid"theliteraturetranslationistotransmittheartisticidealconditionoftheoriginalworkinanotherlanguageandmakereaderbeinspiredequally,affectedandgetthebeautifulfeelingwhentheyreadtheoriginalwork.[10]

1.2.Thedifficultiesoftheconveyanceofartisticconception

Formanyyears,lotsofChinesescholarsaswellasforeignresearchersputtheirefforttodothearduousworktotranslateclassicalChinesepoemsintoEnglish.Andamongtheirworks,thereisnolackofexcellenttranslation.Asamatteroffact,justthroughthewonderfultranslationofsomeexcellenttranslator,alotoffamousclassicalChinesepoemshavewontheirworldreputation.However,asakindofartisticappreciation,weusuallyhavealittlepitythatthetranslationofChinesepoetrystillcannotexpressartisticconceptionwhenwereadastheChinesereaders,lotsofChineseclassicalpoemshavelosttheiroriginalromanticcharm,completeinformation,three-dimensionaleffect,andthestatethatcanleadthereadersintoaindefiniteimagination.ItisnotsurprisedtoseethatmanyscholarsconsiderthetranslationofChineseancientstyledpoetrytobeanunsuccessfulfieldsofar.Wecanseethatevenifsometranslationsdisplaythecontentofpoetry,theyfailtotransmit,interpretthemood,theimage,andthesituationofpoetry.BecauseofthehugedivergencebetweentheEastandtheWest,itisimpossibletoexpresscompletelytheprimarytasteandartisticconceptionofChinesepoetrytoeveryreader.

Thereasonisthatthedifferenthistoricalcultureconnotationsanddifferenthabitsandcustomsaswellasdifferentthinkingmethodsareformedintheaspectofwordsandexpressions.

TherenownedtranslatorMr.YangXianyihassaid:"Therearemanyotherfactorsconstitutingcertainmeaningsinoriginaltext.Itissimplynotimpossibletotransmitthesemeaningsforthepersonsunderdifferentcultures.[11]Forexample:theChinesereadershavesomeassociationspontaneouslywithweepingwillowinaChinesepoetry,itisimpossibletocausethiskindofassociationnaturallyifitistranslatedintoanotherlanguage.Inmanypoemstheterminology(poemlanguage)oftenhastheirculturalhistoricalbackgroundcausingthereadertoassociatesufficiently.[12]Thereisnofinaltranslationforanytranslationispartialsinceitishardlypossibleforanytranslatortoseekbalancebetweenvariousrequirement.[13]Ofcourseitcontainstheconveyanceofartisticconception.

2.TheanalysisofBellsRingingintheRain

Here,theauthorwillprobehowtotransmitartisticconceptioninthetranslationofChinesepoetrybytheEnglishversionofBellsRingingInTheRain.

2.1ThecommentofBellsRingingInTheRain

LiuYong’poemsaregoodatdescriptionofdetails,andwritteninapithystyle.Thispoemexpressesthepartingfeelingsanddescribesthesceneofpartingandthepainfulmood.Theemotionisalsoverysentimental.ThispoemisofLiuYong’srepresentativeworks.Thefirststanzadescribesthepartingscene,theauthordescribesthecicadachillily,andtwoloveswerepartingintheroadsideshelter.Theboatwasurging.Theywerereluctanttopart,handinhandwithtearfuleyes,sobbingwithoutaword.Themistywavesinthegreatdistanceandthedistantskyalsoappearedsoheavy.Inthesecondstanza,theauthorsighedwoefully:partingletsthehumanbesadsincetheoldtimes.Thelongertheypart,thesaddertheyfeel.Evenifthereisbrightdaysandbeautifulscenery,thepoetstillcannotcheerup.

“Thecicada”,“theroadsideshelter”,“thesuddendownpour”,“thenationalcapital”“theboat”,“themistywave”and“thesouthernsky”-----theseimagescomposedthedeparturepictureofgloomycolor,brimwiththethickdeepsorrow.TheChinesereadercanfeeltheauthor''''ssadmoodaftertheyreadandproducethesympatheticchord,butasaresultoftheculturalenvironmentandthebackgrounddifference,foreignreadersmaynothavesimilarfeeling,norcantheyinducetothisdignifiedatmosphere.theChinesereadercouldcarryontheverynaturalassociationtoabovetheseimages,formaseriesofpicturesinthebrains,buttheforeignreaderpossiblycannotbeabletounderstandthiscompletely.Inthesecondstanza,whatistherelationbetween“多情”and“自古”?Howtotranslate“曉風(fēng)殘月”?whatis“良辰好景虛設(shè)”onearth?Itisverydifficulttodescribethepainfulmoodandthedeepsorrowfaithfullytotheforeigners.

2.2ThedifficultiesoftheconveyanceofartisticconceptionofBellsRingingintheRain

Itisnotcompletelypossibletotranslatetheoriginalpoem,themoodandtheatmosphere,whichisalsoanextremelybigdifficultproblem,suchas:

Firstly,Itisdifficulttoconveytheemotioninthepoem:theemotionhereisnotpresentedexplicitlybutimpliedinthedescriptionoftheimages.Itishardtoconveytheconnotationandassociationsignificanceofimagestotheforeigners.Inaddition,theChinesepoemsusuallyconsistofseveralimages,thepoetcandisplaysomepicturesinfrontofthereadersthroughthedepictionoftheimages.InBellsRingingintheRain,“thepavilion”“eveningclouds”“willowtrees”“waningmoon”---theseimagesconstituteasceneofsorrowdepartureindrearyAutumn.Itisnoteasytoselectproperwordstoconveytheimagesaswellassuitablewordstoconnectthemintheprocessoftranslation.Finally,InBellsRingingintheRain,Chinesereaderscanassociatethewavingwillowtreesandwaningmoontothereluctanceofdeparture.ItishardtobringthesimilarfantasytoreadersinEnglishversion,becausesomeimagecannotarousethesameassociationtotheforeigners.Thereisalsoonepointthatweshouldnotice:theconveyanceofartisticconceptionisacommonproblem,sometimeseveniftheversionembodiesthecharmoftheoriginalpoem,theforeignersmaynotunderstanditcompletelybecauseoftheculturaldifferences.JustastheforeignerscannotunderstandtheloveofLiangShanboandZhuYingtai,Here,theauthoronlywouldliketodiscussthewaystoconveyartisticconception.

3.Threestrategiestoconveyartisticconception

Tobeexact,ZhaoZecheng’sartisticconceptionincludesthreeaspects:Qing(emotion),Jing(situation),andimagination.Tocounterthesethreeaspects,artisticconceptioncanbeeffectivelytransmittedtoreadersbythefollowingthreemeans:first,toexpressamorousfeelingsandideas;second,tounearthimages;finally,tostimulateimagination.[14]

3.1Expressfeelingsandideas

WhendoingthetranslationofChinesepoems,weshouldfirstlymakeclearthemainideaoftheoriginalpoem,thesituationsetinthepoemandideasandfeelingsthattheauthorwantstoexpress,otherwise,wedonottranslatebutcreatepoetry.

InancientChina,therearethesayingslike“idealcanbeconveyedbypoetry,and‘poetryisstemmedfromemotions.”[15]WangGuowei,anaestheteinmoderntimes,indicatesthat‘onlywhenapoetisabletoreflectthereallifeandexpresshisrealfeelingsbyhispoemhashereachedahigherlevelofpoetrycreation.’[16]Inhisopinion,thesimplenaturalscenery,suchasbirds’singing,flowingwater,flowers’blossomanddriftingcloudscannotconsistof‘Artisticconception’bytheirpoems.ThefamousliterarytheoreticianinQingDynasty,YeXiethoughtthatemotionfromthebottomofheartisoneoftheindispensableconditionsinthecreationofartisticconception,andwhetherartisticconceptioncanbeconveyedsuccessfullybythetranslationsornotdependsonwhetherthetranslatorisabletotransmitthefeelingsbetweenthelines,andunderstandpoet’mind.[17]AsEveingsaysinhis‘TranslationandSentiment’,translatorshouldnotonlytranslatethe‘tears’,the‘laughter’,the‘a(chǎn)nger’,thereadinesstogivelifeonthebattlefieldandthevisiblethings,butalsothegrief,thehappiness,theindignation,theutterdevotionandtheinvisiblesentiment.[18]Forinstance,hereisseveralversesofBellsRingingInTheRain.AistranslatedbyRewiAlley,andBistranslatedbyXuYuanchong.

“都門帳飲無緒”

AWedrinktoeachother

BCanwecarefordrinkingbeforewepart

“飲”“無緒”thetwowordsaddanxietytotheparting,peopleusuallywoulddrinkwinewhenpartinginancienttime.Thepoetwassosadthathewouldnotliketodrinkatall.‘Drinktoeachother’inAlley’stranslationsdoesnotshowthiskindofmood.XuYuanchongtranslatesthewordsinto‘Canwecarefordrinkingbeforewepart’reflectakindofdisconsolateness,So,XuYuangchong’stranslationisbetter.Ifthepoemembodiesthepoet’emotion,theversionshouldindicateit.Letuslookatanotherverse:

執(zhí)手相看淚眼,竟無語凝噎

Aweclasphands,faceswet

withtears;unabletosayanything

BHandinhandwegazeateachother’stearfuleyes

Andburstintosobswithwordscongealedonourlip

Totranslatetheemotioninthesetwoverses,wemustgraspthepsychologicalconditionofthepoet.Lookingateachother‘stearfuleyeswithhandconnecting,theywouldliketosaysomething,yetspeechlessforsobbingfinally.“執(zhí)手”“相看”“淚眼”“無語凝噎”areasuccessionofwordsdescribingthehero’ssorrowandthegrief,XuYuanchonguses‘gazeat’and‘tearfuleyes’todescribethemood,andtransmittheemotion,‘burstinto’indicatestheeruptionofhispreservedsentiment,‘congealed’vividlymanifestthesadness.Obviously,inversionA‘wetwithtears’greatlyweakenstheemotionandcannottransmitartisticconceptionoftheoriginalpoem.Obviously,itisinadequatetoonlydisplaythecontent,wealsoshouldexpressthefeelingsbetweenthelinesproperly.Forexample:

多情自古傷離別,更那堪、冷落清秋節(jié)

Thatistosay,peoplealwaysfeelsadwhenpartingsincetheancienttimes.Howdoesalonelypersonliveinthischillyautumn?Herethepoetisdisplayingakindofdisconsolatemood.

Aeverhavepeoplehated

leavingtherefriends,andnow

thecoldautumnwithitssadness

ontopofitall;

BLoverswouldgrieveatpartingasofold.

Howcouldyoustandthisclearautumndaysocold

Comparedwith‘hated’,‘grieve’inBindicatesthatthepoetfeelsbrokenhearted,therhetoricalquestioncorrespondstheoriginalpoemexpressingthepsychologyofsadfeelinginthelonelyautumn,whichconformedtotheartisticconceptionoftheoriginalpoem.Obviously,Bismoresuccessfulintransmittingartisticconception.

Adoesnotdisplaytheemotion,thereforeitfailsinthetransmissionofartisticconception,but,XuYuanchongfullycomprehendsthepoet’semotionofBellsRingingInTheRain,andcarriesonthepoet’ssorrowbychoosingthewords.Finallyhesucceedsinthetransmissionofartisticconception.Transmissionofartisticconceptioniscloselylinkedwiththeemotiontransmission.Sowecanmakeconclusionfromtheexamplesabove,thetransferenceofartisticconceptionisincomplete,ifthereisemotioninanoriginalpoem,butthetranslationfailstomanifestthefeelingsintheverses,.Inordertofurthertheunderstandingtheimportanceofemotionexpressionintranslation,theauthorwouldliketogivemoreexamples:“曉鏡但愁云鬢改,夜吟應(yīng)覺月光寒。”(ToOneUnnamed)byLiShangyin)Thepoemdescribestheimmortallove:hecannothelpthinkingofhisbelovedforhisdeeplovetohersothathedoesnotseehisimagebutthatofhisbelovedwhilelookingintothemirror.Thetwolinesselectedinthepoemdescribethefeeling:thepoetworriesabouthisbeloved’sgrayhaironheadbutnothisownwhenheislookingintothemirror,hedoesnotfeelthechillofmoonlight,butheworriesthatshewillfeelcoldwhenheiscrooningverseatnight.ThefollowingaretwokindsoftranslationsofInnesHerdan(A)andXuYuanchong(B)

AGriefatthemorningmirror---

Cloud–like-hairmustchange;

Verseshummedatnight,

Feelingthechillofmoonlight…

BAtdawnI’mgrievedtothinkyourmirroredhairturnsgrey;

AtnightyouwouldfeelcoldwhileIcroonbymoonlight.

Adescribesthepoet’sworriesabouthisowngrayhair,andhefeelschill,whichistheliteraltranslationwithoutunderstandingthefeelingofthepoettohisbeloved.Soitfailstotransmitthatkindofsentimentinthepoemandrevealtheimmorallove.Xuyuanchongaddspersontodescribetheimmorallove,thusthereadersaremovedbythepoet’sfeelings,andgetthedeepcomprehensionofartisticconception.

Hereisanotherexample:“思君如滿月,夜夜減清輝?!?SinceMyLordFromMyPartedbyZhangJiuling)Thepoetusesthemoontodescribethefeelingsofthewifethatsheisdullerdaybydaybymissingherhusband.LetusseethetranslationbyHerbertA.Giles:

Myheartislikethefullmoon,fullofpains,

Savethat’tisalwaysfullandneverwanes.

“Gilescomparesthewife’shearttothepainfulmoonthatneverwane,succeedsinconveyingtheessentialideaofhersorrow.”[19]Inthispoem,thekeypointoftheunderstandingofartisticconceptionistocomprehendthewife’semotion.SinceGilesconveythedistressofthewife’smissingvividlyandincisively,thereaderscanfeelthiskindofpains,thereforeGilessucceedsintheconveyanceofartisticconception.

Theanalysisabovesuggeststhatthetransmissionofemotionisimportanttothetransferenceofartisticconception.Ifthepoemembodiespoet’semotion,thetranslatedversionshouldindicateit,thusthereaderscangetadeepcomprehensionofartisticconception.

3.2Unearthimage.

Besidestheconveyanceofemotionsandideas,atranslatorshouldalsopayattentiontotheimages.Theimagereferstotheobjectinthepoetry,whichreceivesubjectivesentimentoftheauthor.Settingsun,fragrantgrass,weepingwillow,songofthebirds,cicadachirpingandsoonarethecommonlyemployedimagesinancientChinesepoems.Usually,apoetdoesnotrevealthesentimentstraightlybutawakenourmemorybythedescriptionoftheimageandstimulateourfeelingandcauseoursympatheticchord.[20]Preciselytheauthorrevealsubjectivesentimentbytakinganddescribingtheimage,thereadercanentertheartisticconceptionofpoetry.

Theimageistheessenceoflanguageofpoem.“Imagemodelcapturestheessenceofpictureinproseorinpoetry.”[21]Thepoetsalwaysutilizesthevisualizedlanguagewhichcanstimulatethereader’simaginationandtheassociationtodescribetheimageintheliteraryworks,iftheliteraryfigureisfresh,thentheexquisiteartisticconceptionwillappear.Thetranslatorshouldpayattentiontothetransplantationoftheliteraryfigureandvisualizationofthelanguageintheprocessoftranslation.Thereforetheycanfullymanifestthebeautyofartisticconception.Weshouldtransmittheimagestotranslatethepoem.Imageisthebasicelementofpoems.Thebasicfeatureisthatreaderscanexperiencethefeelingsofpoetsthroughthedescriptionoftheimage.“Wemeantodefineimageastheattributeforthewholementalconceptionofaliterarywork.Insomesense,‘image’hereiscountableaseyeablelinguisticpoint,andalltheimagesinaworkformintoameaningfulwhole,whichisoftencalleditsimagery.So‘imagery’isuncountableasaninseparableentitythatcanonlybeperceivedfromtheentirework”.[22]

Thereareseveralimagesinthispoetryasfollows:cicadas,showers,heavycloud,southernsky,willowtrees,waningmoon.“Theseobjectstobedescribedareneverselectedatrandom,butarethemanifestationofthepoet’sshrewdpowerofobservationanduniqueartisticview”[23]Theseimagesareobjects,butthepoetrendershisemotiontothemthathasbeenthesymbolofdepartureanddistress.Hesetoffthepartingatmospherebythedescriptionofobjects,thusthereaderswillportrayachillanddrearypictureasiftheyhearthesingingofthecicadasandseethepartingscene.Thenhowdothetranslationsgivethereadersthesameexpressionbyunearthingimages?Itisrareforustofeelcoldanddrearywhenhearingthesingingofcicadas,whilethepoetuse"寒"and"凄"todescribeit,forthepainfromthebottomofhisheart."寒"and"凄"uncoverdirectlythepoet’smood,thepersonhavetopartwithhisbelovedandfeelsthecoldnessoftheoutsideworld,whichishisinnermostfeelings.ThefollowingtranslationsarealsopresentedbyRewiAlley(A)andXuYuanchong(B):

ANowcomesthenoteofthecicada,mournfully;

BCicadaschill

Drearilyshrill

ComparedwithRewiAlley’s‘mournfully’XuYuanchong’s‘Cicadaschill’describesthecicada''''scondition,"drearilyshrill"corresponds"凄切"theyestablishedabasicmainkeyfortheentirepoem----cloudyandcold,"drearilyshrill"furtherexaggeratedthisatmosphere.So,“chill”“drearily”describetheprocessofpsychologyandtransmit‘a(chǎn)rtisticconception’of“寒蟬凄切”.Pavilionisconsideredasasymbolofparting,suddenshowermaybeconsideredasasymbolofthetearsfallingfromtheireyes.Lookattheverses:

對長亭晚,驟雨初歇

Aatourpaceforparting

eveningfalls;therainstormthatbroke

hasclearedaway;

BWestandfacetofaceataneveninghour

Beforethepavilion,afterasuddenshower

WecanseeRewiAlleyomitstheimageofpavilion,whichisveryimportanttotheconveyanceofartisticconceptionasasymbolofparting.InancientChina,peopleusuallypartinpavilion,soChinesereaderscanassociatethepavilionwithdeparture.AndXuYuanchongreservestheimageofpavilionandshowerusing“before”and“after”toconnectthetwosentences,sothatweseethenaturalsceneryandhumanfeelingswellblendedinthebeginningofthepoem.[24]So,Itdoeswellatthetransitionoftheartisticconception.Inthispoem,theimageoftheboatwaitingforthepersondescribesapictureofalonelysail.Theverse:

方留戀處、蘭舟催發(fā)

Atheboatmanurgesdeparture

Bwearelingeringlate,buttheboatiswaitingforyoutodepart

RewiAlleyonlyuses“boatman”omittingtheimageofboat,andXuYuanchong’stranslationdescribesapicture:twopeopleareloathingtopart,theboatisurgingapersontoembarkquickly,wecanguessthattheboathasbeenwaitingforalongtime.Thepictureofalonelysailisthesymbolofthepartinglover,carryingthevisualfeeling.AndBisbetteratthetransitionofartisticconceptioncomparedtoRewiAlleythatisonlynarrating.Inthispoem,cloudandskyalsoaresymbolical,theheavycloudisthesymbolofhisheavyheart,andtheboundlessskyisthesymboloflongdistance.[25]Theoriginalversesandtranslationsareasfollows:

念去去千里煙波,暮靄沉沉楚天闊。

AandIknowthatsoonIshallbefar

fromhere,overthehills;

atnightamistwillcome

downfromheavens,andsoon

IwillbeinHupeh,where

skiesarehigh,andgroundlow;

BYou‘llgoyourwayfar,faraway,onmilesandmilesofmistywaves

wheresailtheships,andeveningcloudshanglowinboundlesssouthern

skies

Thetwoimages“暮靄”and“楚天”shouldbetranslated.RewiAlleydoesnottransmittheimage:cloud,and“skiesarehigh”doesnotdescribetheboundlessoftheskies.Thereforehistranslationweakenedtheeffectofthetransitionofartisticconceptionoforiginalpoemgreatly.Intheoriginalpoemthefirststanzabeginswithanimageandendswithanother,bothrevealthegriefofparting.[26]Thereforeintranslationthereshouldbethetransferenceofthevividimagetoletthereaderfeelthepoet''''semotionthroughtheimagestounderstandtheartisticconceptionofthepoem.

Asweknow,InaChinesepoem,therearealwaysmanyimages;thesevividimagesbringthebeautytopeople.Inordertoachievethesimilareffect,thetranslatorshouldcarryontheappropriatedescriptiontotheimages.Forexample,“小樓西角斷虹明,欄桿私倚處,遙見月華生”(ImmortalAttheriverbyOuYangxiu)portrayabeautifulscene:thebrokenrainbowappearsafteraheavyrain,twopersonsareleaningonrailswatchingtherisingmoon.TeresaYee-whaYutranslatesthelinesinthisway:

Acrossthewesterncornerofthe

Smallhouse,abrokenrainbowhangs

brightly,asIrestonthebalcony,

awaitingmoonrise.

Theimageoftheoriginalpoemisbrokenrainbow,whyistherainbowbroken?TeresaYee-whaYuonlyuses‘brokenrainbow’,whichfailstomanifesttheestheticsenseofthemoonraisesslowly,thereforethebeautyisinferiorthantheoneoftheoriginalpoem.ThetranslationbyXuYuanchongis:

Animperfectrainbowisseen,

ShutoutofviewbyWesternTower.

Weleanonrailsalone

Towatchtherisingmoon.

XuYuanchonguses‘shutoutofviewbywesterntower’,givingpeopleamorevividpicture:Abovethesmallbuilding,abrokenrainbowappears,--twopeoplearecloselyleaningintherail,watchingtheslowingrisingmoon,thephraseshutoutdescribesthebrokenrainbow,thetypicalimagematchestheimageverb,hasexaggeratedtheoriginalpoemmainkeyoftheoriginalpoem,so,comparedtoTeresaYee-wha’sYu.XuYuanchong’sisbetterintransmittingartisticconception.

Theanalysisabovesuggeststhatunearthingimagesisoneofeffectivewaystoconveyartisticconception,ofcourse,inthetranslationtechniquesofimage,apartingfromunearthingimages,thereareotherwaystoconveytheartisticconception,suchasfootnotingandparaphrasing,whichthisarticleonlydiscussesoneofeffectiveways.

3.3Stimulateimagination

Intheauthor’sview,theconnotationofstimulatingimaginationisthatifthepoetleavesagreatspaceofimaginationtothereaders,soshouldthetranslator.Itisofgreatimportanceforthetranslationstostimulatethereaders’imagination.JustasXuYuanchongpointsoutinhisNewConceptofTranslationinNewCenturythelowstandardofliterarytranslationistoresembleorreflectthetruthoftheoriginalpoems,whilethehighstandardistokeepthebeautyofpoemsinsourcelanguage[27]Thetranslatorshouldtryhisbesttobringtheadvantageoftargetlanguagesintofullplay,whichmeansmakingfulluseofthebestformofexpressionoftargetlanguageaswell,andtomakepoemsunderstoodfinally.Thetranslationsofliteraryworksshouldbewonderfulandsplendid.Althoughwecanreadorlistentotheliteraryworks,wecannotvisualizethemlikewatchingpicturesorgetauditoryimageslikelisteningtothemusic.Therefore,iftheliterarylanguageisdull,tediousandinsipid,itcannotstimulatetheimaginationofreaders,thuscannotconveyartisticconceptiontoreaders,letaloneletthemgrasptheartisticimagesintheoriginalworks.Itisthetranslators’responsibilitytotakeadvantageoftargetlanguagetoreachthetranslationtostimulatereaders’imaginationfinally.

ThefollowingisanotherexamplefromBellsRingingInTheRain:“今宵酒醒何處?楊柳岸曉風(fēng)殘月。XuYuanchong‘stranslationis

Wherewillyoubefoundatdaybreak

Fromwineawake?

Mooredbyariverbankplantedwithwillowtrees

Beneaththewaningmoonandinthemorningbreeze.

Thepoemaskswherehewillbewhenhewakesuptomorrowmorning.“willowtrees”and“Beneaththewaningmoonandinthemorningbreeze.”stimulatethereaders’imagination,andmakethereadersimaginethescenebythemselves.Forexample:howisthepoet’sconditionwhenheawake?Andwhatwillhebethink?Differentpeoplehavedifferentimages.Peoplecanimagethesceneofthepoetawakinginthemorningaccordingtotheirownunderstandingofthepoem.“Moored”givethereaderslargespaceofimaginationthatistheneedtotransmitartisticconceptiontoreaders.

Fromtheauthor’spointofview,stimulatingimaginationplaysaquiteimportantroleintransmissionofartisticconception.Manytranslatorsnoticethepointintheprocessoftranslation.Forinstance,therearetwoversesintherenownedpoem"SongofaPipaPlayer"(琵琶行)byBaiJuyi:“大弦嘈嘈如急雨,小弦切切如私語;嘈嘈切切錯雜談,大珠小珠落玉盤?!盩hetwoversesdescribethemusicbythePipa.“Itisdifficulttodescribeabstractmusicinwords,butBaiJuyicomparesitinturntoapatterningrain,topearlsdroppingonaplateofjade”[28]whichgreatlystimulatethereaders’imagination,“sothatyoucannotonlyhearitbutsometimesevenseeitbeforeyoureyes”.[29]HerearetwoversionsrespectivelytranslatedbyC.Gaunt(A)andXuYuanchong(B)

AThegreatstringswithacrashresound,

Aswhentherain-stormstrikestheground;

Thesmallstringswhispermanifold,

Likesecretconfidencestold;

Andthenthevibrantchordsoutfling

Amingledcrashandwhispering,

Likeshowerofpearls,somelargesomesmall,thatonajade-dishpatteringfall.

BThethickstringsloudlythrummedlikethepatteringrain;

Thefinestringssoftlytinkledinamurmuringstrain

Whenminglingloudandsoftnotesweretogetherplayed

‘Twaslikelargeandsmallpearlsdroppingonplateofjade

C.Gaunt’s‘therain-stormstrikestheground’;‘whisper’‘likeshowerofpearls,somelargesomesmall,’andXuYuanchong’s‘patteringrain’‘murmuringstrain’‘murmuringstrain’allstimulatethereaders’imaginationandconveyartisticconceptionofthepoeminsourcelanguageaswell.Theoriginalpoemdoeswellinstimulatingimagination,sodoesthetranslation.

Stimulatingimaginationisapartoftheconveyanceofartisticconception,wegetartistictreatthroughabundantassociationandfantasy,whichachievetheeffectofartisticconception.Asweanalyzeabove,thetranslationthatarousetheimaginationofreadersconveyartisticconceptioneffectively.Thereisapointwearesurethatevenifthetranslationscannotachievethecharmofthepoemperfectly,weshouldexertourgreateffortstoresembletheeffect.

4.Conclusion

Wecanfindthattheconveyanceofartisticconceptionisnoteasy.However,throughthethreemeans,westillcaneffectivelytransmitartisticconceptionbyexperiencingtheemotionandimagingtheimageoforiginalpoems.Theauthordiscussesthreestrategies:expressingfeelingsandideas;unearthingimages;stimulatingimagination.Theyarethreeeffectivewaysbutnottheabsolutemeans.Inaddition,thereisonepointthatweshouldnotice:whenweproposedrequesttothetranslators,weshouldpayattentiontothefactthatthereadersshouldbequalifiedtocomprehendthepoems’artisticconception.

References

[1]溫輝.意象和意境:英譯唐人絕句[D].西安:陜西師范大學(xué),2000(04).P4

[2]閆軍利.詩歌翻譯的美學(xué)途徑[D].西安:陜西師范大學(xué),2003(04).P7

[3]戴偉平.詩歌翻譯與現(xiàn)代性[D].重慶:西南師范大學(xué),2004(04).P38

[4]藺麗.中國古詩英譯意境傳達的探索[D].天津:天津師范大學(xué),2005(04).P17

[5]姜莉.論唐詩英譯的意境傳達[J].沈陽師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(社科),2005(01).P112

[6]同[4].P112

[7]同[4].P112

[8]同[4].P112

[9]同[4].P112

[10]同[4].P112

[11]水小重.從東西方文化的差異看漢詩英譯的困難性[J].西北師大學(xué)報(社科),1998(03).P98

[12]同[10].P98

[13]同[3].P17

[14]同[4].P112

[15]同[4].P112

[16]同[4].P112

[17]同[4].P112

[18]同[4].P113

[19]許淵沖.中詩英韻探勝[M].北京:北京大學(xué)出版社,1992.P204

[20]同[4].P113

[21]袁哲.文學(xué)翻譯中審美再現(xiàn)的三個層面[D].長沙:湖南師范大學(xué),2004(05).P27

[22]劉建華.古詩意境英譯分析[D].長春:吉林大學(xué),2004(05).P26-27

[23]陳月紅.中國古典詩詞翻譯中的意境問題芻議[D].武漢:華中師范大學(xué),2002(04).P32

[24]同[18].P370

[25]同[18].P370

[26]同[18].P370

[27]同[4].P114

雨霖鈴翻譯范文第2篇

一、運用信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)設(shè)教學(xué)情境,激發(fā)學(xué)生古詩詞興趣

運用傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法,進行古詩詞的教學(xué),學(xué)生常會感到枯燥無味。傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)主要由教師將作者的生活或者寫作背景向?qū)W生介紹,學(xué)生根據(jù)教師的介紹,一知半解地讀懂古詩詞的大致內(nèi)容?;蛘呓處熤苯訉⒐旁娫~的翻譯抄寫到黑板上,讓學(xué)生背誦。這樣的教學(xué)方法,已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代教育了。如果運用信息技術(shù),創(chuàng)設(shè)一定的情境,讓學(xué)生走進情境,在情境中感悟古詩詞深刻的內(nèi)涵,可使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生對古詩詞的興趣,從而加深對古詩詞的理解。

如教學(xué)柳永的《雨霖鈴(寒蟬凄切)》時,我播放歌曲《雨霖鈴》,同時視頻展示歌詞,也就是全詞的內(nèi)容。學(xué)生被優(yōu)美的音樂深深陶醉,沉浸在優(yōu)美的情境中,自然而然地就感受到了詞的魅力,從而急切地想要進入詞的學(xué)習(xí)中,理解詞的內(nèi)涵,領(lǐng)悟詞的情感,了解詞人的生活背景、身世,總之,學(xué)生對詞的學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣,整個課堂教學(xué),學(xué)生學(xué)得輕松、愉快,課堂氣氛很活躍。

二、運用信息技術(shù)再現(xiàn)古人生活,感悟作者的思想感情

古詩詞有許多內(nèi)容,被拍成了電影、電視片或者短劇,如果能夠利用這些教學(xué)資源,為教學(xué)服務(wù),那將會大大提高教學(xué)效率,有利于學(xué)生理解古詩詞。如教學(xué)《短歌行》時,為了讓學(xué)生加深對曹操的認(rèn)識,感悟其豐富的精神世界,加深對詞的理解,我用視頻展播電視短劇《三國演義》中的曹操吟誦《短歌行》的片段,讓學(xué)生進行交流、誦讀,從而讓學(xué)生了解了曹操的文才武略,知道曹操不僅是一個政治家、軍事家,更是一個文學(xué)家。

三、運用信息技術(shù)進行配音朗誦,促進古詩詞的理解

配音朗誦是古詩詞教學(xué)中常用的方法,配音朗誦往往有現(xiàn)成的錄音,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的朗誦,不僅讓學(xué)生學(xué)會朗誦,更重要的是從朗誦中,感悟出古詩詞的韻律美、音樂美、節(jié)奏美,也便于學(xué)生對整個古詩詞的理解,而且也能夠提高學(xué)生欣賞美、鑒賞美的能力,使學(xué)生學(xué)會有感情的朗誦,學(xué)會斷詞、斷句的方法,深入理解古詩詞的深刻內(nèi)涵,培養(yǎng)想象力,產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)新的思維。如教學(xué)陶淵明的《歸園田居(其一)》時,我播放配樂誦讀,要求學(xué)生在聆聽的過程中給生字詞注音,同時想象詩歌所描繪的景象;接著要求學(xué)生跟著音樂讀,要求學(xué)生在模仿中,體會詩人樸素、平淡、自然的語言風(fēng)格。

四、運用信息技術(shù)拓寬師生視野,學(xué)會鑒賞古詩詞

以網(wǎng)絡(luò)為核心的信息技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展和進步,網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有豐富的教學(xué)資源,平時教學(xué)中,教師要有意識地瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò),經(jīng)常瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界,拓寬教師的視野,學(xué)生也應(yīng)該經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)查閱資料,學(xué)會收集資料,自主獲取知識。教師可以將自己在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上收集到的有用的教學(xué)資源,告訴學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上進行學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生少走彎路,使學(xué)生欣賞古詩詞的能力得到訓(xùn)練和提高。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的喜好,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)自主學(xué)習(xí),選擇高效學(xué)習(xí)古詩詞的方法,然后歸類整理,為將來更好地學(xué)習(xí)古詩詞打下厚實的基礎(chǔ)。運用網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行教學(xué),可以讓學(xué)生平等地參與到學(xué)習(xí)過程中,在學(xué)習(xí)中獲得知識,培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力。運用網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行學(xué)習(xí),也使得課堂更加開放和靈活,教師要敢于放手讓學(xué)生在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上進行學(xué)習(xí),給予學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)的機會,發(fā)揮信息技術(shù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)勢,互動學(xué)習(xí),從而提高教學(xué)效率,使得學(xué)生在自學(xué)中,獲得了自信,體驗到成功的喜悅,身心得到全面的發(fā)展,個性得到張揚。

雨霖鈴翻譯范文第3篇

一個文學(xué)家、詩人、藝術(shù)家,對于生活的認(rèn)識往往是多角度、多層次的,而且還帶著濃厚的主觀感情,以至于對同一事物,不同的作者站在不同的角度,用不同的方法表現(xiàn)出來則有不同的特點:或豪放,或抑郁;或雷霆萬鈞,或幽咽流泉;或悲壯蒼涼,或凄婉含蓄;或雄奇俊逸,或翩若驚鴻、矯若游龍;或靜若處子,嬌羞內(nèi)蘊……過去在初中語文教學(xué)中,我們常常對作品缺乏必要的賞析,一般停留在讀幾遍,了解大意,泛泛然地分析一下中心思想、寫作特點上。教學(xué)古詩詞,有些教師還要把它翻譯成白話,這樣做,讓那些優(yōu)秀的作品變得味同嚼蠟。

像一束花,有人只看到它紅紅綠綠的顏色,有人卻能嗅到它濃郁的芳香,還有人能夠由一束花看到百花齊放的花園,看到五彩繽紛的春天。鑒賞文學(xué)作品,要借助讀者的想象思維,對作品進行主觀的藝術(shù)加工,或者憑借自己對作品的理解,借鑒前人的觀點對所讀作品作出一定評價。通過對相同主題或題材而不同作者的作品進行比照賞析,或者把相同作者的不同題材的作品進行比照賞析,就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)不同作者或不同作品的風(fēng)格了。

人們常常把柳永的《雨霖鈴?寒蟬凄切》和蘇軾的《念奴嬌?赤壁懷古》進行比照,前者稱為“婉約”派代表作,后者稱為“豪放”派代表作。作品的豪放或者婉約和作者的性格、經(jīng)歷、處境及創(chuàng)作時的心境、情感都有一定關(guān)系。如,李白的作品絕大多數(shù)表現(xiàn)為豪放、浪漫,而與之同時的另一位大詩人杜甫的作品則表現(xiàn)出深沉、抑郁。李白一生狂放不羈,蔑視權(quán)貴,常常借酒述志,借酒抒懷,他的詩歌就運用大膽想象、無限夸張的筆調(diào),寫出了大量瑰麗的詩篇?!熬銘岩菖d壯思飛,欲上青天攬明月”《宣州謝I樓餞別校書叔云》;“白發(fā)三千丈,緣愁似個長”《秋浦歌》;“斗雞金宮里,蹴鞠瑤臺邊。舉動搖白日,指揮回青天”《古詩五十九首之四十六》;“倚劍登高臺,悠悠送春目,蒼榛蔽層丘,瓊草隱深谷”《古詩五十九首之五十四》;“飛流直下三千尺,疑是銀河落九天”《望廬山瀑布》;“人生得意須盡歡,莫使金樽空對月”《將盡酒》等等。從以上作品可以看出李白豪爽奔放的性格。而杜甫一生坎坷,精神壓抑。在安史之亂中,他顛沛流離,親身經(jīng)歷和親眼目睹了戰(zhàn)亂帶給老百姓的痛苦,在他的詩里,表現(xiàn)了他憂國憂民的感情,其作品風(fēng)格被稱為現(xiàn)實主義。如,“爺娘妻子走相送,塵埃不見咸陽橋。牽衣頓足攔道哭,哭聲直上干云霄……”《兵車行》;“乾坤含瘡痍,憂虞何時畢”《北征》;“關(guān)中昔喪亂,兄弟遭殺戮。官吏何足論,不及收骨肉”《佳人》。同樣是送別,在不同的詩人筆下,有的顯得豪放灑脫,有的就顯得憂傷哀愁,我們熟悉的王維《送元二使安西》,“勸君更盡一杯酒,西出陽關(guān)無故人”就顯得那么悲涼。對友人那么關(guān)切,那么留戀!而另一位詩人在送別朋友時,就顯得特別灑脫豪邁:“千里黃云白日曛,北風(fēng)吹雁雪紛紛。莫愁前路無知己,天下誰人不識君?!薄秳e董大》(高適);“執(zhí)手相看淚眼,竟無語凝噎”《雨霖鈴》(柳永),這就表現(xiàn)得很凄婉、很憂傷。但是豪放的李白還寫過“孤帆遠(yuǎn)影碧空盡,唯見長江天際流”《送孟浩然之廣陵》,“浮云游子意,落日故人情。揮手從茲去,蕭蕭班馬鳴”《別友人》;“泣與親友別,欲語再三咽”《古詩五十九首之二十》等這些纏綿的詩句。判斷一個表達同一主題的作品的風(fēng)格相對容易,比如上面列舉的送別詩,王維的婉約,高適的豪放,李白的纏綿,都是出于送別當(dāng)時的情景和心情、被送的對象的情況等。王維送的朋友元二是從長安到西北邊陲去,出陽關(guān)后就是一片荒涼的情景,再沒有往日的歡樂,沒有和那么多朋友在一起飲酒賦詩的愜意,被送人心情悲傷,也會感染送別者的;而高適送別的朋友董大是從邊陲到內(nèi)地,到生活條件好的地方去,朋友們自然要為他感到高興的。

要分析一個作者的作品的總的風(fēng)格,需要全方位考察、閱讀、賞析他大量的作品?,F(xiàn)在中學(xué)生閱讀面比較狹窄(特別是農(nóng)村學(xué)生),在教學(xué)中,教師要有目的地給學(xué)生推薦一些作品,提供一些有助于他們擴大閱讀的資料、信息,比如要教學(xué)某個作者的某篇作品,應(yīng)該先給學(xué)生布置閱讀該作者的其他相關(guān)作品,或者其他作者同類型的作品,這樣有比較才能鑒別。在中學(xué)語文課本中,還選了許多現(xiàn)、當(dāng)代名家的作品和外國著名作家的作品。由于涉及面太寬,每位作者的作品入選的文章有限,在分析他們的作品風(fēng)格的時候,老師需要注意進行橫向和縱向的比較,把某個作家的許多作品前后縱向比較去判斷他的風(fēng)格,或者把他的作品跟同時代的其他作家的作品進行橫向比較分析,就能判斷出這個作者的風(fēng)格了?;蛘呦冉榻B某個作家的風(fēng)格,再用一些相關(guān)的作品進行證明。

比如,魯迅的風(fēng)格是深刻、內(nèi)蘊。常常以非常簡潔的描寫、點睛似的評論、平淡的敘述,就可以揭示一個非常深刻的社會問題,可以用《孔乙己》中“孔乙己是站著喝酒而穿長衫的唯一的人”“聽人家背地里說,孔乙己也讀過書……”就這么一句介紹和側(cè)面敘述,一個深受迫害的封建知識分子的形象就躍然紙上;再如,《故鄉(xiāng)》中對中年閏土“木偶人”式形態(tài)的描寫和“豆腐西施”楊二嫂“圓規(guī)”式的體形、尖利的語言的描寫,簡直入木三分!而且這些人物不是簡單的個體,而是代表社會的某一個階層??v觀選入初中語文課本的魯迅的許多作品,無不深刻、發(fā)人深省?!稄陌俨輬@到三味書屋》里寫美女蛇的故事,《社戲》中在平橋村的孩子們的介紹時很自然地介紹鄉(xiāng)下的風(fēng)俗,《藤野先生》中則處處都有深刻的文字,如“中國是弱國,中國人當(dāng)然是低能兒……”這樣看似簡單的內(nèi)心獨白,卻深刻地揭示了弱國公民受辱時內(nèi)心的憤怒。

再說還有冰心作品體現(xiàn)的母性、茅盾的博大、老舍的平易、郭沫若的浪漫。還有當(dāng)代作家畢淑敏的敏銳、張曉風(fēng)的純真……還有外國作家的作品所反映的時代特征和他們自身作品的風(fēng)格。也可以由老師提示,學(xué)生在自己的課外閱讀中去體會。

作品的風(fēng)格一般都可以從入選到課本里的作品里分析體會到,因為課本的編者在選文章的時候,是充分考慮作品的代表性的。

初中語文教學(xué)中,根據(jù)新課標(biāo)的要求,對學(xué)生賞析式的閱讀也提高了標(biāo)準(zhǔn),教師在教學(xué)過程中要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析作品風(fēng)格的習(xí)慣。由淺入深,細(xì)細(xì)體會。學(xué)會分享作家寫作時的那種情感體念,分享作者用浪漫、豪放或者委婉、輕柔或者熱烈的風(fēng)格所抒發(fā)的感情,也可以在自己的寫作中展示自己的風(fēng)格。

雨霖鈴翻譯范文第4篇

【關(guān)鍵詞】讀詩;大膽質(zhì)疑;創(chuàng)造力

中國是詩之國,詩是中國文化瑰寶,也是中華民族精髓。特別是古詩詞,千百年來,中國人在它寬廣的胸懷里陶冶情操、感悟世界、了解民族歷史。因此,詩歌在教材中的比重也越來越大,作為教育者,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)教育我們的下一代了解古詩、解讀古詩,熱愛中國文化。

在傳統(tǒng)詩歌教學(xué)中,我們通常都是讀古詩、翻譯詩句、體會感情、背誦古詩,幾個回合下來,學(xué)生讀詩的興趣全無。要知道,只是記些注釋,背誦詩句,并不是讀詩的根本目的,我們教給學(xué)生的不該只是“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案”,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生以新的視角、新的思維閱讀古詩,從而品出詩中的韻味、讀出詩中的生活、感悟詩中的生命,不拘泥于課本及參考書,甚至對傳統(tǒng)結(jié)論大膽提出質(zhì)疑。愛因斯坦有句名言:“提出一個問題比解決一個問題更為重要”。

《敕勒歌》(敕勒川,陰山下,天似穹廬,籠蓋四野。天蒼蒼,野茫茫,風(fēng)吹草低見牛羊)被稱為我國古代民歌杰出代表作品,也被納入了九年義務(wù)教材。大部分參考書注釋如下:遼闊的敕勒川在陰山腳下,天空像一座巨大的帳篷,籠蓋了整個原野。蒼天遼遠(yuǎn)空曠,草原一望無際,微風(fēng)吹倒了牧草,露出了藏在草中的牛羊。我沒到過草原,但在電視和電影中看到過牛羊在草原吃草的場景,對于這樣的解釋總有個不明白的地方,草原的草怎能長得比牛羊高?怎能掩沒牛羊呢?讀了張港的《經(jīng)典古詩詞另類“悅讀”》后才知道:草原的草本身不能掩沒牛羊,能掩沒牛羊的應(yīng)該是些蘆葦、蒿草之類植物。如果真是那些草,又長那么高,馬就不能跑起來,牛羊恐怕也要常丟失。那為何詩中作者說是“風(fēng)吹草低見牛羊”?我們再說說“天似穹廬,籠蓋四野”。一個人若著目視前方,能看到的只能是視角前方一百多度,如何能看到像個巨大帳篷的天空籠蓋著原野呢?所以我們可以推測,詩人寫詩的時候,應(yīng)該是躺在草地上,悠閑地啃著草根,仰望著天空,若有所思,此時正看到了半球狀的天空,才有了“天似穹廬,籠蓋四野”。也正是因為他躺在地上,位置低,才有了“風(fēng)吹草低見牛羊”——牲畜在草地上時隱時現(xiàn)的一幕。總算弄清了原委,詩人正是設(shè)了一個迷讓后人去猜。

王之渙的《登鸛雀樓》(白日依山盡,黃河入海流。欲窮千里目,更上一層樓)僅僅20個字的不朽之作千古流傳,作為激勵詩,它激勵了一代又一代奮發(fā)向上的有志之士。宋人沈括《夢溪筆談》記載:“河中府鸛雀樓三層,前瞻中條,下瞰大河?!痹S多人認(rèn)為,作者寫詩時在第二層,也有人認(rèn)為詩人應(yīng)該是在第三層,到底在哪一層?我們可以透過字眼探個究竟。“欲窮千里目”“欲”是想要,并非現(xiàn)實,而“欲”字也告訴我們作者登樓的目的是想看得更遠(yuǎn),若是作者明知樓有三層卻只登到二樓便寫下“欲窮千里目,更上一層樓”,不太合邏輯,想要看得更遠(yuǎn),直接上三樓不得了,還用得著在樓下猜想。所以,我認(rèn)為作者應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)登到了頂樓,但還不滿足,覺得看得還是不夠高遠(yuǎn),心想著要是還能再上一層樓甚至更高就好了,這才合乎邏輯。而這里的“一層樓”并非實指“一層”,而應(yīng)是無數(shù)個“一層”,或是超越新的高度。這也才符合作者當(dāng)時意氣風(fēng)發(fā)、躊躇滿志的心志。

《春曉》(春眠不覺曉,處處聞啼鳥。夜來風(fēng)雨聲,花落知多少?)作者如此的聰明睿智,同樣用20個字就道出了一個大自然蘊藏的奧秘。查看了不少參考書都將詩中“處處聞啼鳥”的“處處”注釋為“到處”,若是這樣,此句便譯為“到處都能聽到鳥兒明快的叫聲”。真是這樣的嗎?我們可先從字里行間來捕捉一些關(guān)于作者的信息?!奥劇笔亲髡呗牭降模盎渲嗌佟眲t是作者的推測,這些說明作者已經(jīng)醒了,但并沒有馬上起床出門,因此外面的世界并不是通過視覺看到的。李白的“不知明鏡里,何處是秋霜”,“何處”指“何時”,譯為“不知從什么時候有了白發(fā)”;柳永的《雨霖鈴》“方留戀處,蘭舟催發(fā)”,“方留戀處”指難舍難分的時候,“處”指時候;韓愈《早春》“最是一年春好處”顯然說的也是時間??梢娫诠旁娭小疤帯笨芍浮暗胤健币部芍浮皶r間”。而“處處聞啼鳥”中,作者未出門,解釋為“時時都能聽到鳥兒的啼叫聲”應(yīng)該更符合作者的處境。

可見,讀詩不需要多大的智慧,但不能沒有自己的見解,在讀詩的過程當(dāng)中應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會借鑒別人的觀點,揉和自己的見解,發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造力,因為讀詩同樣需要想象的翅膀。美國著名學(xué)者布魯巴克也很精辟地指出:“最精湛的教學(xué)藝術(shù),遵循的最高準(zhǔn)則就是讓學(xué)生自己提問題。”在詩歌的教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)鼓勵學(xué)生多讀詩,以創(chuàng)新的視角讀詩,教師還應(yīng)當(dāng)有效地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)驗大膽質(zhì)疑,不可人云亦云。

詩的靈魂在于它的生活性,詩的魅力在于它的創(chuàng)造力。詩人同樣是生活中活生生的人,我們只有用生活的眼光去讀詩,用創(chuàng)造的想象力去讀詩,才能讀出詩的韻味,才能體會到中國文化的博大精深,才能達到讀詩的最終目地。

雨霖鈴翻譯范文第5篇

關(guān)鍵詞:預(yù)設(shè);生成;課堂

高三語文教學(xué)主要就是復(fù)習(xí),加之其知識面涉及廣,知識點又較為零散,高考的考查方式又靈活多變,故整個復(fù)習(xí)過程對于學(xué)生來說,既乏味還不易把握。如何才能有效地開展高三語文復(fù)習(xí),是身處高三的語文老師必須面對的難題。而我認(rèn)為,解決這一難題的關(guān)鍵就是要提高高三語文課堂教學(xué)的有效性。

一、精心預(yù)設(shè)

精心預(yù)設(shè)是高中語文課堂生成的前提,也是提高高三語文課堂教學(xué)有效性的先決條件。具體體現(xiàn)在:

1.掌握學(xué)情,提前備課

語文教學(xué)的一貫宗旨都是圍繞如何全面地提升學(xué)生的語文素養(yǎng)而展開的。基于此,高中語文教學(xué)的起點應(yīng)是在掌握學(xué)生學(xué)情的基礎(chǔ)上進行的。而身為高三的語文教師,也只有在掌握了學(xué)生的基本學(xué)情后,才能對癥下藥,并做好相關(guān)癥結(jié)的提前備課工作。要提高高三語文課堂教學(xué)的有效性,就必須要做到提前備課。按照學(xué)期初制訂的教學(xué)計劃,有章有序地進行不同模塊的復(fù)習(xí),更有利于知識點的系統(tǒng)化。這一點,在文言文專題復(fù)習(xí)時尤其突出和重要。如,一輪復(fù)習(xí)時,梳理《種樹郭橐駝傳》一文的知識點,學(xué)生對倒裝句“凡長安豪富人為觀游及賣果者”翻譯不好,了解之后,得知學(xué)生是對定語的概念比較模糊,難以劃清句子成分。因而,在復(fù)習(xí)《廉頗藺相如列傳》《石鐘山記》《勸學(xué)》三課時,就結(jié)合三課中“求人可使報秦者”“石之鏗然有聲者”“蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強”的定語后置句,提前備好定語后置的幾種常見類型,讓學(xué)生從中鑒別、分析,最終找出規(guī)律,使之趨于系統(tǒng)化,從而促進教學(xué)實效。

2.整合資源,明確導(dǎo)向

在高三語文復(fù)習(xí)課中,精心預(yù)設(shè)還體現(xiàn)在對教材的整合和運用上,正如在文言專題復(fù)習(xí)時,根據(jù)復(fù)習(xí)需要,對教材中的重要文言篇目進行知識點的系統(tǒng)梳理和鞏固,有時可能只是借用某個實詞的特殊用法,以喚醒學(xué)生對已學(xué)知識的記憶;或是借用某個特殊類型的倒裝句式,以輔助學(xué)生對陌生文段的理解和翻譯。而在進行古代詩歌專題的復(fù)習(xí)時,對教材的整合就體現(xiàn)得更加明顯了。在這個模塊中,我們不能僅僅教給學(xué)生單一的解題技巧和固定的答題模式,還要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生嘗試著自己去歸納、整理。例如,可以讓學(xué)生將其在課本中所學(xué)的詩歌,根據(jù)詩歌的內(nèi)容予以歸類整理,可分為:詠史懷古類有《登金陵鳳凰臺》《登樓》《登快閣》等,行旅閨怨詩有《雨霖鈴》《聲聲慢》《夜雨寄北》等。讓學(xué)生在歸納中明確并掌握各類型的出題類型和常用的手法,使之形成一個知識系統(tǒng),再結(jié)合已掌握的解題技巧,將其內(nèi)化吸收,形成能力,提高教學(xué)實效。

二、巧妙生成

提高高三語文課堂教學(xué)的有效性,還取決于課堂上的巧妙生成,同時,它也是精心預(yù)設(shè)的延伸和提高。我們的授課群體是思維活躍的學(xué)生,這就注定了我們的語文課堂教學(xué)必定是一個動態(tài)的過程,它不可能按著我們預(yù)設(shè)的軌跡來運行,相反,還總是會有很多意料之外的問題出現(xiàn),因此,身為執(zhí)教者要善于抓住這些契機,并結(jié)合學(xué)生的不同學(xué)習(xí)需求,將之前的精心預(yù)設(shè)和當(dāng)前的意外生成有機地融合在一起,使語文課更具靈活性,從而打造精彩且高效的高三語文課堂。

1.營造氛圍,巧妙生成

語文課堂是一個動態(tài)的過程,就決定了其是復(fù)雜、多變的。加之又有諸種不定性因素,再精心的預(yù)設(shè)也不可能,也不必要面面俱到。因此,在學(xué)生有了不同的看法和疑問時,教師要采用賞識教育的理念,尊重學(xué)生,肯定其表現(xiàn)的同時,作適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)整,富有創(chuàng)造性地繼續(xù)組織我們的課堂教學(xué),順著學(xué)生的思維角度,再創(chuàng)新生成與之相關(guān)聯(lián)的問題,給學(xué)生一個支點,引導(dǎo)和幫助其理解。

2.開放問題,巧妙生成

愛因斯坦說:“有時候提出一個問題比解決一個問題更有價值?!币虼?,身為高三的語文教師要善于在語文課堂上創(chuàng)設(shè)出易讓學(xué)生去探究、討論的問題,盡量用最精練且靈活的問題,來激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,使之不由自主地參與到課堂教學(xué)中來,從而使學(xué)生研習(xí)問題、討論問題的熱情高漲起來,在溝通交流中巧妙生成,從而提高教學(xué)的有效性。

總之,語文是一門主觀性較強的學(xué)科,教師可以在每節(jié)課結(jié)束后,多與學(xué)生溝通交流,多聽聽不同學(xué)生的聲音,將這些反饋信息整理好,再結(jié)合自己授完課后的感受,認(rèn)真反思自己課堂教學(xué)中的亮點和不足之處。在反思的過程中,還要反思自己在備課時的預(yù)設(shè)哪些取得了預(yù)期的教學(xué)效果,并生成了“師生”“生生”的共鳴,教師要將這些亮點總結(jié)并記錄下來,在以后的教學(xué)中繼承并發(fā)揚。還要反思有哪些不足之處,是源于什么造成的,如果再講一次,應(yīng)該如何完善,并做好相關(guān)解決方案。事實證明,成功的教案不在課前,而在課后。相信只要堅持下去,執(zhí)教者駕馭課堂將游刃有余,而且也能提高高三語文課堂教學(xué)有效性。

參考文獻:

[1]高文.現(xiàn)代教學(xué)的模式化研究.山東教學(xué)出版社,2000.

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